SOE2022 Climate
the past decade. Changes in river water temperature are more subtle, while air and soil temperatures have risen sharply, with soil temperature increasing at a rate of around 1.4°C per decade. Changes over 10 to 15 year periods are affected by long-term climate trends as well as changes due to shorter climatic cycles, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. An assessment of cold temperature trends for air, soil and river water suggests that in coming years we can